Operating system data is the collection of functions that permit the wide range of software applications to function efficiently on a computer. The functions include functions like memory management, process management, device management, file systems and security and performance monitoring.
The primary function of the OS is managing CPU time and hardware resources. The OS determines which processes will receive the processor’s attention and controls how programs interact with one in order to not interfere with each other. This includes scheduling processes, determining what applications will be running and ensuring that each process has enough memory to run its own program.
Some operating systems use techniques called paging and segmentation to manage memory. These techniques decompose memory into smaller segments that are mapped into and out of RAM when needed. This technique increases RAM without adding new hardware.
Another major function of an operating system is handling input and output from connected devices, such as printers and disk drives. The OS manages communication between hardware and application software by installing and managing device drivers. It also creates tables called the device-status desk which keeps track of the devices that are ready for reading or writing, as well as the number of processes waiting for them.
The operating system manages long-term non-volatile storage on devices like disks and cassettes. It handles file access and organization optimizes the storage device’s usage and manages user permissions and security.
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